It is just a fact of life that are beneficial and harmful microbes or more directly good and bad bugs. Throughout human history we have face the dangers of bad bugs with the bulk of the people dying from some infectious disease before they reached maturity.
But some eighty years ago we began to develop the technology of killing off the bad bugs, with antibiotics and toxic chemicals and our food system became relatively inert – free from any bugs (good or bad). This seemed to work and we dramatically reduced the death rate from infectious diseases and the population exploded – trebling in less that my life span.
But we learned the hard way that when we killed off the good bugs that we fell prey to chronic or non infectious diseases.
Learning how to breed the good bugs while controlling the bad bags is the great technical challenge we face.
The solution can be termed ecological balance.